Reverse osmosis water, or What is Raw Water Testing (Method of Analysis), is water that has undergone a reverse osmosis filtration process. In order to produce pure water, this process includes putting water through a semi-permeable membrane that filters out dissolved salts, minerals, and other contaminants. When water purity is crucial, reverse osmosis is frequently distilled for industrial and commercial applications as well as domestic water filtration systems.
Distilled water is water that has through the distillation process, which entails heating water to the boiling point and then condensing the steam back into a liquid form, producing clean water with contaminants and minerals eliminated. This makes distilled water perfect for use in machinery, batteries, and scientific experiments where contaminants could have negative consequences in pharmaceuticals.
MATERIAL/ EQUIPMENT / APPARATUS:
MACHINERY /EQUIPMENT / APPARATUS:
- Analytical balance
- pH meter
- Conductivity Meter
- Gouch crucible
- Oven
- LOD pod
- Desiccator
- Glassware
CHEMICAL / REAGENTS:
- 1M Sulfuric Acid
- 0.02 M Potassium Permanganate
- Bromothymol Blue Solution
- Potassium Mercuri-Iodide Solution
- Dilute Ammonium Chloride Solution
- 0.01 M Disodium Edetate
- 1ppm Pb
- Acetate Buffer Ph 3.5
- Thioacetamide Reagent
- 2 M Nitric Acid
- 0.1 M Silver Nitrate
- 10% W/V Solution of Potassium Chloride
- Diphenylamine Solution
- 2 M Hydrochloric Acid
- Barium Chloride Solution
- 1 M Sulphuric Acid
- 0.02 M Potassium Permanganate
- Saturated KCl Solution
- Ammonia Buffer pH 10.0
- Mordant black 11
- Ammonium Hydroxide
What is Raw Water Testing (Method of Analysis)
RESPONSIBILITY:
- QC Analyst is responsible for Testing.
- QC Manager ensures accurate analysis in time.
SAMPLING PLAN:
Collect the sample as per Standard Operating Procedure for water sampling and analysis for chemical parameters as per their specifications.
RECORD KEEPING:
Analysis records including raw data generated during the application of this procedure will be kept at least one year after the expiry or one year after the last distribution whichever is longer.
FOLLOWING TESTS ARE PERFORMED ACCORDING TO BP
DESCRIPTION
Examine the water physically such as color, odor, it is Clear and colorless liquid What is Raw Water Testing (Method of Analysis).
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON OR OXIDISABLE SUBSTANCES
Carry out the test for total organic carbon with a limit of 0.5 mg/L
OR ALTERNATE TEST
OXIDISABLE SUBSTANCES:
To 100 mL add 10 mL of 1M sulfuric acid solution and 0.1 mL of 0.02 M potassium permanganate and boil for 5 min; the solution remains faintly pink.
ACIDITY
Take 10 ml sample freshly boiled and cooled sample, add 0.05 ml of methyl red solution and mix, the resulting solution is not red.
Interpretation of result: If the solution is in red colour the sample is Acidic
ALKALINITY
Take 10 ml sample freshly boiled and cooled sample, add 0.1 ml of bromothymol blue solution and mix.
Interpretation of result: If the solution is in blue colour the sample is Alkaline.
AMMONIUM
Take 20 ml sample add 1 ml of alkaline potassium mercuri-iodide solution and allow standing for 5 minutes. When vertically viewed the solution is not more intensely colored than a solution prepared at the same time by adding 1 ml of alkaline potassium mercuri-iodide solution to a solution containing 2.5 ml of dilute ammonium chloride solution and 7.5 ml of the liquid being examined.
CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM
Take 100 ml sample add 2 ml of ammonia buffer pH 10.0, 50 mg of mordant black 11 mixture and 0.5 ml of 0.01 M disodium edetate, a pure blue color is produced.
HEAVY METALS (Maximum 0.1 ppm)
In a glass-evaporating dish evaporate 150 ml of sample to 15 ml on a water bath.
Standard solution
Into a small Nessler Cylinder, pipette 10.0 ml of lead standard solution (1ppm Pb).
Test Solution
Pipette 12 ml into a small nessler cylinder.
Procedure
To the cylinder containing the standard solution add 2.0 ml of the test solution and mix. To each cylinder add 2 ml of acetate buffer pH 3.5, mix, add 1.2 ml of thioacetamide reagent, allow to stand for 2 minutes and view downwards over a white surface, the colour produced with the test solution is not more intense than that produced with the standard solution.
CHLORIDE
Take 10 ml sample add 1 ml of 2 M nitric acid and 0.2 ml of 0.1 M silver nitrate, the appearance of the solution does not change for at least 15 minutes.
NITRATE
Take 5 ml sample in a test tube immersed in ice add 0.4 ml of a 10% w/v solution of Potassium chloride, 0.1 ml of diphenylamine solution and drop wise with shaking 5 ml of sulphuric acid. Transfer the tube to a water bath at 50°C to allow standing for 15 minutes. Any blue colour in the solution is not more intense than that in a solution prepared at the same time and in the same manner using a mixture of 4.5 ml of nitrate free water and 0.5 ml of nitrate standard solution (2 ppm NO3).
SULPHATE
Take 10 ml sample add 0.1 ml of 2 M Hydrochloric acid and 0.1 ml of barium chloride solution. The appearance of the solution does not change for at least 1 hour.
OXIDISABLE SUBSTANCES
Take 100 ml sample add 10 ml of 1 M sulphuric acid and 0.1 ml of 0.02 M potassium permanganate and boil for 5 minutes, the solution should remain faintly pink.
RESIDUE ON EVAPORATION
Evaporate 100 ml sample to dryness into hot plate and dry to a constant weight at 105°C. The residue weighs not more than 1 mg (0.001%).
Residue on evaporation: W2-W1 × 100 (mg/L) /ml of solution taken
- W1 : Weight of Evaporating dish
- W2 : Weight of Evaporating dish + Residue
pH (limit: 5.00 – 7.00)
Take 100 ml of sample and add 0.3 ml of saturated KCl solution. Mix the solution well and then measure the pH with the help of Calibrated pH meter.
CONDUCTIVITY
Take the 100 ml sample in a suitable container and stir the test sample by maintaining the temperature 25°C ± 1°C, measure the conductivity with the help of calibrated conductivity meter.
Temperature and Conductivity Requirements.
| Temperature | Conductivity |
| 0 | 2.4 |
| 10 | 3.6 |
| 20 | 4.3 |
| 25 | 5.1 |
| 30 | 5.4 |
| 40 | 6.5 |
| 50 | 7.1 |
| 60 | 8.1 |
| 70 | 9.1 |
| 75 | 9.7 |
| 80 | 9.7 |
| 90 | 9.7 |
| 100 | 10.2 |
Temperature and the respective Conductivity.
BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS
Less than 0.25 IU/mL, if intended for use in the manufacture of dialysis solutions without a further appropriate procedure for removal of bacterial endotoxins.