Titanium dioxide How to Test for Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is widely used as a pigment in various products, including pharmaceutical tablets, sunscreen, food, and cosmetics. It is also used as a whitening and brightening agent, as well as an opacifying agent. Titanium dioxide has good durability and is resistant to discoloration and weathering, which makes it suitable for use in a wide range of applications. Some studies have suggested that Titanium dioxide may be harmful if inhaled or ingested in large quantities, but its safety has been widely evaluated and it is generally considered safe for use in personal care and cosmetic products.
Purpose
To ensure the quality of incoming raw material of Titanium Dioxide.
Scope
It is applicable for the analysis of Titanium Dioxide in the quality control department.
Responsibility
- Quality Control Manager
- Assist. Q.C. Manager
- Q.C Analyst
Abbreviations
- SAP: Standard Analytical Procedure
- QC: Quality control
Procedure
Equipments / apparatus
How to Test for Titanium Dioxide
- Analytical Balance
- Glass ware
- Magnetic Stirrer
- pH Meter
- Test Tubes
- Titration Flask 250 ml
- Volumetric Flask 100 ml
- Loss on Drying Bottle
- Oven
- Desiccator
Reagents
Sr. # | Reagents Name |
1 | Hydrogen Peroxide TS |
2 | 1 N Sulphuric Acid |
3 | 0.01M Hydrochloric acid |
4 | 0.01M Sodium Hydroxide |
5 | Bromothymol blue solution R1 |
Physical Analysis
Test of Physical Form:
Check the sample and confirm its physical form; it should be fine powder.
Test of Colour:
Confirm the colour of the material with naked eye; it should be white or almost white.
Test of Solubility:
Water: Insoluble (Dissolve 10 mg of sample in 100 ml)
1 N Sulphuric Acid: Dissolve 20 mg of sample in 10 ml of 1 N Sulphuric Acid, and heat it.
It should insoluble in water, and soluble in hot 1 N Sulphuric acid.
Test of Loss on Drying:
Method:
a) Dry the loss on drying bottle with cover at the Temperature used to dry the sample for 30 minutes cool in desiccator and weigh (P gm).
b) Spread uniformly 1 gm of substance in loss on drying bottles and weigh (2 gm).
c) Dry at 105oC temperature for 3 hours and weigh (F gm).
Observation:
a) Weight of substance taken before process = Q – P = X gm
b) Weight of substance taken after drying = F – P = Y gm
c) Difference L gm = X – Y
Calculation:
L
% age of loss on drying = ————— x 100
X
It should not be more than 0.5% of its weight.
Acidity or Alkalinity:
Shake 5 gm with 50 ml carbon dioxide-free water for 5 minutes and filter until a clear solution is obtained. To 10 ml of the solution add 0.1 ml of Bromothymol Blue Solution R1. Not more than 1.0 ml of either 0.01M Hydrochloric acid VS or 0.01M sodium hydroxide VS is required to change the colour of the solution.
Water-Soluble Substances:
Boil 10 gm for 5 minutes with 150 ml of water containing 0.5 gm of Ammonium Sulphate. Cool, dilute to 200 ml with water and filter until a clear solution is obtained. Evaporate 100 ml of the filterate to dryness and ignite. The residue weighs not more than 25 mg (0.5%).
Chemical Analysis:
Identification Test of Titanium Dioxide:
a) Weigh accurately on analytical balance 100 mg of the sample, put it in the test tube, add 10 ml of distilled water, heat it on Bunsen burner; pale yellow colour should produce which discharge on cooling.
b) Weigh accurately on analytical balance 100 mg of the sample in the test tube and add 1 ml of 0.1 N hydrogen peroxide solution; orange red colour should produce.
Quality Record(s)/Form(s):
The following Quality Records shall be generated and managed in accordance with the Procedure for Control of Company Quality Records.